Critical Raw Materials
The α→β transformation is the key bottleneck in hard-rock lithium processing. It unlocks lithium recovery from spodumene, but requires energy-intensive calcination that strongly affects process efficiency and economics.
Battery materials
Turning spodumene into battery-grade lithium is far more than a single step, but it’s a complex chain of thermal and hydrometallurgical processes. This post breaks down the full journey from ore to high-purity lithium compounds.
Battery materials
Hydrometallurgy sits at the core of modern metal extraction, especially for battery materials. From leaching to purification, these processes define whether lithium and other critical metals can reach battery-grade quality.
Critical Raw Materials
Spodumene and brine follow fundamentally different paths to lithium — from energy use to processing complexity. Understanding these differences is key to evaluating the future of lithium supply.
Lithium recovery
Europe needs domestic lithium supply — but building it is far more complex than it seems. From geology to processing, the real challenges go far beyond mining.